Flora and Fauna
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India
Flora and fauna of India
Indian flora Flora of India comprises a wide variety of indigenous or native plant types. It is estimated that there are more than 50,000 species of plants. The rich floral diversity of India is undoubtedly due to the great variety of climatic and altitudinal variations, together with the variety of ecological habitats. India has areas with almost no rain, as well as the area that receives the highest rainfall in the world. The altitude varies from sea level to high mountain ranges. Habitat types range from the humid tropical Western Ghats to the Thar Desert of Rajasthan and from the…
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United States
United States flora and fauna
Flora of the United States At least 7,000 species and subspecies of flora native to the United States have been classified. Eastern forests contain a mix of soft and hardwoods including pine, oak, maple, spruce, beech, birch, hemlock, hickory, rubber, and hickory. The central hardwood forest, which originally stretched uninterrupted from Cape Cod to Texas and northwest to Minnesota—still a major source of timber—supports oak, hickory, ash, maple, and hickory. Pine, hickory, tupelo, pecan, rubber, birch, and sycamore are found in the southern forest that stretches along the Gulf Coast to the eastern half of Texas. The Pacific Forest is…
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Russia
Flora and fauna of Russia
Flora of Russia Russia has various soil and vegetation zones, each with its characteristic flora and fauna. The northernmost is the so-called arctic desert zone, which includes most of the islands of the Arctic Ocean and the coast of the Taymyr Peninsula. These areas are characterized by the almost total absence of vegetation cover; only mosses and lichens are found. The tundra, which stretches across the northern tip of Asia, is divided into arctic, mossy lichen, and shrubby tundra subzones. Only dwarf birches, willows, lichens and mosses grow in the thin layer of acidic soil. To the south of the…
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Mexico
Flora and fauna of Mexico
Flora of Mexico Mexico’s plant life is very diverse, but in general, because there is less rainfall in the north and more in the south, Mexico’s trees and plants can be fairly divided along their topographical and geographic lines: desert plants in the north, forests and grasslands in the mountains and the central highlands, and jungle-like plants and trees in the south. Two deserts cover most of northern Mexico, the Chihuahuan desert, the largest of the North American deserts, and the Sonoran desert. Plants such as prickly pear, hawthorn acacia, lettuce, mesquite, and creosote cover the Chihuahuan desert. The Sonoran…
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Madagascar
Flora and Fauna of Madagascar
Flora of Madagascar The flora of Madagascar includes more than 12,000 species of vascular and non-vascular plants. The fungus is still rare. The island of Madagascar is considered a biodiversity hotspot, this exceptional originality is due in particular to the fact that Madagascar has been an isolated island for about 70 million years, separating from Africa about 165 million years ago, and after India nearly 100 million years later. About 83% of Madagascar’s vascular plants are endemic to the archipelago. Among these endemics, 85% of the 900 Malagasy orchid species are indeed unique to Madagascar; some 200 species of palm…
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Germany
Flora and fauna of Germany
Flora of Germany Before human colonization, the surface of today’s Germany was almost exclusively forested; the few non-forest habitats (apart from water bodies) included paramos, river meadows, and high mountain regions. Today, the natural vegetation is largely destroyed. Forests that have little to do with the original natural forests. The flora of Germany comprises about 3,000 species of flowering plants and about 4,000 cryptogamic plants. However, the country does not form a single natural region and cannot be distinctively characterized by any of the main botanical types. The largest forest proportions are found in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. Approximately two thirds…
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China
Flora and fauna of China
Chinese flora The flora of China is a set of plant species historically established in the territory of the People’s Republic of China. China’s plant cover is characterized by its great diversity and richness of forms, including more than 31,000 species of vascular plants growing in all climatic zones in China, constituting nearly ⅛ of the total number of known plant species, including thousands species endemic to mainland China. There are many forest species in China, and in the northeast and northwest of the country there are boreal coniferous forests in mountainous areas, which are home to many species of…
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Canada
Flora and fauna of Canada
Flora of Canada A great variety of plant and animal life characterizes the vast area of Canada, with its varied geographic and climatic zones. The flora of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence region resembles that of the adjacent American section, with white pine, hemlock, sugar and red maples, yellow birch, and beech trees. The maritime region is dominated by conifers, especially red spruce, black spruce in the eastern Laurentian, and white spruce in the western. Balsam fir, white cedar, tamarisk, white birch, and aspen are also found in the east, with Aleppo pine in drier areas. From prairie to arctic tundra…
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France
Flora and fauna of France
Flora of France France’s generally mild climate, abundant rainfall, variety of elevations, and long growing season provide a habitat for many species of plants and animals. Centuries of human settlement have profoundly altered the land and greatly reduced the number and diversity of native species. Conservation efforts in recent decades have helped protect significant undeveloped areas that remain. Plants of France The natural vegetation of France is closely related to climatic conditions. In the mountains, the highest elevations near the snow line consist of expanses of bare rock with only a few varieties of moss and lichen growing in sheltered…
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Bolivia
Flora and fauna of Bolivia
Bolivian Flora The botanical exploration of Bolivia during the last two centuries did not leave a botanical legacy in the country. Only towards the end of the 20th century did Bolivia see the beginning of biology courses in its universities and the development of its own herbaria. Today there are important herbaria in La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and Sucre with collections ranging between 40,000 and 350,000 specimens. In 2014, under the patronage of the Missouri Botanical Garden, a catalog of the vascular flora of Bolivia was published, in which 15,345 species are recorded, of which 12,165 are native and…
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